The National Epic of Greater Iran
A masterpiece by Abolqasem Ferdowsi (c. 977–1010 CE): the longest epic poem written by a single author, preserving Persian language and identity across a millennium.
The Shahnameh (شاهنامه), or The Book of Kings, is the foundational epic of Persian literature. It narrates the legendary and historical past of Iran—from the creation of the world to the Arab conquest— in powerful, musical couplets.
Ferdowsi’s achievement is also linguistic: by writing primarily in Classical Persian and minimizing Arabic loanwords, the Shahnameh became a pillar for the continuity of the Persian language.
Traditionally grouped into three grand ages.
Creation myths and the earliest kings: the arrival of fire, farming, law, and the first foundations of civilization.
The heart of the epic: Rostam, Sohrab, Zal, and legendary champions—tales of valor, tragedy, loyalty, and fate.
From royal rise and decline to the end of the Sasanian era, blending memory and history up to the coming of Islam.
Trusted starting points for modern readers.
A widely used English translation combining verse and prose—often recommended as a first complete edition.
Learn moreA richly illustrated retelling that draws on manuscript traditions with extensive new artwork.
Learn moreExplore illustrated Shahnameh manuscripts through leading academic collections.
A major hub for viewing digitized manuscripts and miniature paintings from collections around the world.
Visit collectionStart with the three ages, then dive into a hero: Rostam & Sohrab, Zal & Rudabeh, or the fall of the Sasanians.
